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˂͛৷ЭϞः༶ਗڌତʃཽ̻ၽ͜׵೯ତձ௴อ׵စʷ˸ʿ࿔׌शषʘ͜௄

ΪeᐑྤၾቇᏐঐɢڌତٙልᕏഐ؈d̙˸ᔟ͟ਗيᅼόٙ፯֛಻༊शषձਿ
Ϊÿଡ଼ᔌ̌ঐٙʱɿዚՓٙ৿ணሞࠑdԨᔟ͟ྼ᜕ᗇྼԸə༆ձપආҢࡁ࿁ɛ
ᗳ͛يኪٙଣ༆f

Ϟᛠ׵Ϥਗيྼ᜕ᅼόٙܔͭdৰəྼ᜕ਗيΌਿΪҏΐʊҁΌ֛ҏҁϓ
̮d̮௅ᐑྤٙᅂᚤΪ९ɰ̙ಯЇ௰ʃd࿁׵޼Ӻ༶ਗঐɢࢨମɨਿΪהிϓ
ٙᜊମ݊ՈϞ޼Ӻᄆ࠽πίf͟൬௛І್፯኿֛ଣ €Fisher’s Fundamental
Theorem of Natural Selection ɰႭ׼࿁׵စʷቇᏐɪהცࠅٙ˸ɨत׌dνۨ࿒

ၾ͛ଣሜછɪഃdίೌ˂኿Ꮐɢɨ̙яତ༰εਿΪᜊମ׌׵༈ૄ໊ʕfΪϤί
፲ෂኪٙଣሞɪdν؈Ϟԑ੄ٙਿΪतମ׌πί׵༈ૄ໊ʕd຾͟ɛމٙԃ၇
፯ಟϤልᕏٙ͛يत׌ɨ݊Ϟዚึܔͭɓଣซٙ፲ෂᅼόdΪމഃЗਿΪٙᜊ
ମ €Allelic variation ึίʔᓙٙɛމՍจ፯ಟԨ˰˾፲ෂɨd஗ණʕԨ̉ᜑਿ

Ϊ €त׌ ٙڌତၾᅂᚤঐɢ €Falconer & Mackay, 1996fΪϤί༶ਗঐɢٙྼ
᜕ਗي፯ಟɪdKoch ഃɛ࠯ϣί 1998 ϋл͜ྼ᜕ਗيਖ਼͜ൺӉዚԸጜ፯̮ʹ
ۜӻ SD ɽཽʘস။༶ਗߗɢ಻༊d຾ཀɧ˾ٙঐɢ൙Пၾ፯ಟܝdϓމܝᚃ޼
Ӻ޴ᗫ޼Ӻ༶ਗঐɢልᕏٙਿΪڌତɪࠠࠅٙਗيᅼό €Koch et al., 1998fϞ

ः༶ਗʊٝ࿁׵਄ੰٙڮආၾशषٙҷഛՈϞ޴࿁ٙࠠࠅ׌dՉ̙ঐᔟ͟஝ܛ
ٙ༶ਗהݺʷאሜછ޴ᗫٙਿΪϾପ͛࿁׵਄ੰၾ͛ଣɪ͍ࠦٙпूၾҷഛ
€Bray, 2000fΪϤdKoch ഃɛ׵ 2001 ϋҷԄ༶ਗஈ˙ԴՉ࿁׵༶ਗঐɢ
ጜ፯ɪһՈϞᜑഹࣖ؈̮dਗ਼ྼ᜕ਗيಁ౬ϓ፲ෂମሯ׌ €Genetically

heterogeneous ٙ N:NIH ɽཽdΝࣛਗ਼༈໊͎᜗ᄣ̋Դ੻৷eЭ༶ਗঐɢٙਜʱ
һމ׼ᜑdഐ؈ᜑͪ຾͟ጜ፯̈Ըٙ৷eЭ༶ਗঐɢૄ໊ܝdίʱйஹᚃԃ၇
28 ˾ܝdᜑͪ৷༶ਗঐɢଡ଼༶ਗߗɢɪᜑഹ৷׵Э༶ਗঐɢଡ଼йߒ 8.3 ࠴dϤ
̮ί᜗ࠠٙࢨମɪɰฏϞᜑഹʔΝdЭ༶ਗঐɢٙ᜗ࠠѩ༰৷༶ਗঐɢࡈ᜗ᜑ

ഹ༰ࠠߒ 68% ࠴ €Ren et al., 2013dԨܔͭ༈ૄ໊ᖢ֛ٙ˰ӻ˸Զܝᚃ޼ӺԴ
͜d͊Ը̙০࿁ʔΝᄴϣ˙ΣආБ޴ᗫ޼Ӻၾˢ༰iίྼ᜕ʃཽ০࿁༶ਗঐɢ
ɛމ፯ಟ޼ӺజኬɪdSwallow ഃɛί 1998 ϋΝᅵл̮͜ʹۜӻ Hsd:ICR ʃ
ཽd݊л͜І˴ᔷቃݺਗ €Voluntary wheel running ٙ೻ܓԸආБ፯ಟdΪϤ᙮
׵Бމ €Behavior ɪݺਗܓ €Physical activity ɪආБٙጜ፯dഐ؈ᜑͪ຾ཀ 10

˾ٙԃ၇޴༰׵છՓଡ଼౤৷ə 75% ٙݺਗܓdϤ̮ί௰ɽᙲःඎɪɰᜑഹɪʺ
12% €Swallow et al., 1998f
͟ɪࠑ˂͛༶ਗঐɢྼ᜕ਗيɽཽᅼόٙܔͭ˴ࠅ݊л͜ൺӉ˙όආБd

νস။ߗɢ˙όdהܔͭٙɪࠑʔΝ˰ӻٙྼ᜕ਗي̙˸஗ᄿعٙᏐ͜׵༶ਗ
͛ଣኪeစʷ͛ଣኪձБމːଣኪഃʔΝٙਿᓾ߅ኪdԨə༆̙ঐٙዚᔷᅂᚤf

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