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߅ኪ઺ԃ޼Ӻjତرၾ࢝ૐ

̜ණɛɗ̜ණልᄲ։ࡰ˸ဆਗό˙ό஝ྌ΢චݬ޼Ӻࠠᓃ˙Σdࡏ౤ԶϞጳሳ
੽ԫ߅઺޼Ӻʘኪ٫ਞϽdڐʞϋ஝ྌࠠᓃʱࠑνɨj

߅ኪ઺ԃኪژķ
€ɓ ߅ኪኪ୦༨ჯਹ޼Ӻ

Ⴉٝ߅ኪeग़຾߅ኪၾʱɿ͛ي߅ኪٙ޼ӺڐϋԸආ࢝ЇމҞ஺d޼Ӻഐ
؈࿁׵߅ኪኪ୦ଣሞɰϞመε઼೯i͉ࠠᓃҎૐᔟ͟Ⴉٝ߅ኪeग़຾߅ኪeʱ
ɿ͛يኪၾ߅ኪኪ୦ٙ༨ჯਹ޼Ӻdଉɝઞীኪ͛߅ኪኪ୦ٙਗ࿒Ⴉٝዝ೻ၾ

ዚՓdආϾ౤ʺ߅ኪኪ୦ٙϓࣖfϤ̮d͉޼ӺࠠᓃོᎸ߅઺޼Ӻ٫༶͜༨ჯ
ਹٙ˙ج €νjfMRIe EEGe଻ਗᄃe༟ࣘઞਖഃண௪ၾҦஔ ϗණၾʱؓ߅ኪ
ኪ୦΢၇ฆᝈʿࣛҏਗ࿒༟ࣘdආϾଉɝٙ༆ؓ߅ኪኪ୦ฆᝈዚՓdא዆Υɪ
ࠑ΢၇༟ࣘܔͭ༆ᙑٙᅼόၾཫ಻ኪ͛߅ኪኪ୦f

€ɚ ኪ͛࿁߅ኪኪ୦ٙઋจࠦΣʿ฿ׂ೯࢝ʘ޼Ӻ
Ң਷΢ॴኪࣧ࿁׵౤ʺኪ͛ٙኪ୦߅ኪٙઋจࠦΣɓٜ͊ጲଣซd್Ͼኪ

୦߅ኪٙઋจࠦΣۍ݊ڐɚɤϋԸ਷ყ൙ඎኪ͛߅ኪၾᅰኪ९ቮ €ν PISAe
TIMSS ޴຅ࠠൖٙೊᓃiϾ߅ኪ฿ׂ೯࢝ٙ޼Ӻڗಂ˸Ըɓٜމ߅઺ჯਹٙࠠ
ࠅ޼Ӻ˴ൿf͉ࠠᓃίོᎸ߅ኪ઺ԃኪ٫Ꮠ͜εʩଣሞԨમ͜εʩഄଫd˸ઞ

ী΢ॴኪࣧeʔΝतሯٙኪ͛ €ܼ̍jႩٝঐɢeІҢછՓঐɢeઋชᙂ࿀ঐ
ɢeઋၫۨ࿒eɛࣸतሯe׌йഃdίኪ୦߅ኪٙઋจࠦΣ €νj࿒ܓeІҢ
ࣖঐeਗዚeઋၫeጳሳeІڦeਞၾܓeೊᅇഃ ٙڌତdאଉܓઞীኪ͛߅
ኪ฿ׂٙଣ༆eܔ࿴ʿҷᜊٙዝ೻dאႩٝၾઋชʹʝЪ͜ʘዝ೻࿁߅ኪኪ୦
ٙᅂᚤfϤ̮d͵ོᎸ޼Ӻ޴ᗫ઺ኪ˙جאሙ೻d˸ڮආኪ͛ઋจࠦΣʿ฿ׂ

ଣ༆ʘ೯࢝dאක೯઺ҿʿኪ୦ᐑྤ˸ቇ׵ʔΝઋจࠦΣڌତٙኪ͛אڮආኪ
͛ʘ฿ׂ೯࢝f

€ɧ εࠠڌᅄί߅ኪ઺ၾኪʘ޼Ӻ
߅ኪኪ୦ၾ઺ኪʕdяତ̈ʔΝҖόٙεࠠڌᅄdνjႧԊe˖οeᅰኪ

ୌ໮eྡ྅eᅼۨeਗ೥ၾᅼᏝഃfኪ͛຾͟઺ࢪה౤Զٙεࠠڌᅄe઺߅ࣣ
ʕяତٙ߅ኪڌᅄeאІБ೯࢝ٙڌᅄഃԸܔ࿴ձଣ༆߅ኪ฿ׂf͉ࠠᓃၳೊ
εࠠڌᅄʘ޼ӺdઞীႧԊe˖οeୌ໮eྡ྅ၾᅼۨഃί߅ኪٙ઺ၾኪʕה
ҲစٙԉЍၾ̌ঐfϤ̮dίᅰЗʷኪ୦ᐑྤʕdܔ࿴εࠠڌᅄٙ߅ኪ઺ኪ࿁
׵ኪ͛߅ኪ฿ׂܔ࿴ʘᅂᚤഃ޴ᗫ޼Ӻf

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