2016 ANNUAL REVIEW Ministry of Science and Technology

Ministry of Science and Technology 18 A total of 26,715 research papers by authors from Taiwan were cited in Science Citation Index ( SCI ) in 2015, giving Taiwan a global rank of 21 st . A total of 19,822 research papers from Taiwan were cited in Engineering Index ( EI ) in 2014, giving Taiwan a world rank of 14 th . In order to provide a better understanding of the quantity and quality of Taiwan's research output, the following sections compare Taiwan with eight major industrialized countries and the leading Asian countries in terms of the three indicators of number of SCI -cited papers per million people, impact factor of SCI -cited papers, and number of EI papers per million people. A. Number of SCI -cited Papers per Million People This indicator is calculated by dividing the average number of papers cited in SCI during the most recent five years by the average population during the most recent five years. Taiwan's 1,137 SCI - cited papers per million people in 2015 put Taiwan behind Finland, Singapore, Britain, Germany, the US, South Korea, and France, but ahead of Japan and Mainland China. The best performer in this category, Singapore, increased its output from 2,052 cited papers in 2011 to 2,484 in 2015. Although China's output still remains far behind most of the other countries, its number of cited papers grew at the fastest average rate between 2011 and 2015 (14.1%). Country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Average growth rate, 2011-2015 Finland 2,152 2,206 2,327 2,497 2,486 3.68% Singapore 2,052 2,152 2,319 2,396 2,484 4.89% Britain 1,815 1,847 1,946 1,904 1,908 1.25% Germany 1,248 1,299 1,317 1,359 1,357 2.11% USA 1,290 1,296 1,324 1,340 1,311 0.41% South Korea 928 1,006 1,051 1,103 1,149 5.48% France 1,084 1,105 1,141 1,134 1,138 1.22% Taiwan 1,192 1,203 1,224 1,196 1,137 -1.17% Japan 627 626 642 632 618 -0.36% China 127 144 169 195 215 14.14% Source: 1. SCI -cited papers: InCites TM , Clarivate Analytics, date updated: 9/23/2016. 2. Population figures: World Bank, http: //www.worldbank.org/. 3. Population of Taiwan: Statistical Yearbook of the Ministry of the Interior , http: //sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/list.htm. Number of SCI -cited papers per million people and five-year average growth rate in various countries, 2011-2015 Units: papers B. Impact Factor of SCI -cited Papers This indicator is calculated by dividing the number of times papers were cited during the most recent five years by the total number of published papers during the same period. Among the countries compared here, the European and North American countries generally have high impact factors, and Singapore, Britain, the US, Germany, Finland, France, and Japan all had impact factors higher than 6 in 2015. Taiwan's impact factor rose from 4.28 in 2011 to 5.31 in 2015, which shows that the quality of Taiwan's academic papers has improved, although it still lags behind that of the leading European and North American countries and Japan. In comparison with Singapore, the quality of Taiwan's academic papers has been improving at a relatively slow rate; the impact factor of Mainland China's SCI -cited papers rose from 4.20 in 2011 to 5.26 in 2015, putting it on a par with Taiwan. Science and Technology Research Results Ⅱ MOST Ministry of Science and Technology 2016 ANNUAL REVIEW